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LCM (2)
The Landing Craft, Mechanized Mark 2 or LCM (2) was a landing craft used for amphibious landings early in the United States' involvement in the Second World War. Though its primary purpose was to transport tankettes from ships to enemy-held shores, it was also used to carry guns and stores. The craft was designed by the Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair and the initial production contract was let to the American Car & Foundry Company. A total of 147 were built by this company and Higgins Industries. Because of its light load capacity and the rapid production of the superseding LCM (3), the LCM (2) quickly fell out of use following the Allied invasion of North Africa in 1942.
Constructed of steel, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat could ferry a small armored vehicle to shore at 7.5 knots (17 km/h). The craft was generally carried on the deck of a transport ship and then lowered into the water, a few miles from its objective, by crane or derrick. The cargo was then placed into the craft by crane or derrick. Once the LCM (2) had touched down on shore, the hinged ramp at the bow of the craft was lowered and the tankette left the craft over the ramp under its own power.
==Origins==
As early as 1930, the United States Marine Corps was interested in landing tankettes on beaches along with assaulting infantry. By the mid-1930s, Marine planners had settled on a beach assault procedure that involved a purpose built craft for the initial assault wave, ships' boats and cutters for follow-on troops, and a purpose built tank lighter for vehicles, guns, and supplies.〔Hough, p. 24.〕 Nevertheless, progress was difficult and slow due to lack of funding. Also, the Navy placed restrictions on such craft - considering transportation and deployment of them from available ships.〔The dimensions and weight of a landing craft had to stay within the restrictions imposed by the US Navy's davits and derricks.〕 By 1940, prototypes, of 38-foot to 40-foot long vessels, ,〔Tim Colton ("Small Landing Craft - LCM, LCC, LCV, LCP, LCPL, LCVP" ) ''Shipbuilding History''〕 had been built and tested. The positive attributes of these were recognized and, by September 1940, the USMC had made known their requirements for a tank landing craft. The Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair produced a 45-foot lighter capable of carrying the 15 ton Army model tank the Marines anticipated using.〔Hough, p. 30.〕 What evolved became the LCM (2),〔Ladd, 1976, p. 40〕 although at the time it was referred to using the Marine Corps designation of YL.〔John Miller Jr.("Chapter II: Plans for Invasion" ) United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific, ''Guadalcanal: The First Offensive'' p. 58〕〔The US Marine Corps used its own designations for landing craft before July 1942. For Marines, before that date, these craft were designated as follows: 30-foot boats, X; LCP(L), T Boat; LCP(R), TP Boat; LCV, TR Boat, and LCM, YL.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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